Multidisciplinary Approach in Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Level II Hospital: The First Decade of Hospital Universitario Fundacion Alcorcon.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Mean survival in hepatocellular carcinoma remains low. Many efforts have been done during the last years through screening, diagnosis and treatment to improve the results. The aim of this work is to present the experience of our hospital multidisciplinary group during the first decade of this century. METHODOLOGY: The patients with hepatocellullar carcinoma presented at the multidisciplinary meeting from 1999 to 2009 were prospectively studied. According to the tumor and functional status they were treated through the current available guidelines by transplant, partial hepatectomy, local/regional procedures, systemic or symptomatic treatment. RESULTS: One hundred and forty two patients were studied. Median tumor size was 3 cm. A single tumor was diagnosed in 64.8% of the patients. Eighteen patients had liver resection (6 transplantation and 12 with partial resection), 53 tumors were not treated due to advanced stage or liver dysfunction, and in the remaining patients radiofrequency, ethanol or embolization treatments were used, single or combined. CONCLUSIONS: a multidisciplinary approach of hepatocellular carcinoma in a second level hospital with trained professionals permits a diagnosis in early tumoral and functional stages in the majority of patients, and a variety of possible treatments with adequate survival outcomes.

[Nutritional management of the patient after surgery of the biliary tract and pancreas]. / Manejo nutricional del paciente postcirugía de vías biliares y páncreas.

A big proportion of patients with biliary and pancreatic surgery present preoperative malnourishment aggravated by perioperative fasting and additional therapies. Surgery of the pancreas and the biliary tract may cause digestive impairments, mainly absorptive, especially with fat malabsorption. Many studies have shown the usefulness of nutritional support in gastrointestinal surgery. In the last years, there has been a remarkable effort in order to determine which are the best perioperative nutrition regimens in biliary and pancreatic surgery, particularly in the setting of duodenopancreatectomy. Generally, routinary parenteral nutrition (PNT) is not recommended, excepting in moderate-severe hyponutrition, the first choice therapy being enteral nutrition. Immunonutrition seems to improve the outcomes, and the best infusion might be cyclic. According to a survey carried out among the Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery units in Spain, nowadays the most frequently used support regimen in biliary and pancreatic surgery is PNT, switching to oral feeding within 4-6 days. Enteral nutrition is seldom used.

Manejo nutricional del paciente postcirugía de vías biliares y páncreas / Nutritional management of the patient alter surgery of the biliary tract and pancreas

Gran parte de los pacientes con cirugía biliopancreática mayor sufren desnutrición preoperatoria, agravada por el ayuno perioperatorio y los tratamientos posteriores. La cirugía de páncreas y vías biliares puede ocasionar trastornos digestivos, fundamentalmente absortivos, sobre todo con malabsorción grasa. El soporte nutricional se ha demostrado útil en cirugía gastrointestinal en múltiples trabajos. En los últimos años ha habido un importante esfuerzo para comprobar cuáles son las mejores pautas en la nutrición perioperatoria en cirugía pancreatobiliar, sobre todo en el contexto de la duodenopancreatectomía. En líneas generales, la nutrición parenteral (NPT) rutinaria parece desaconsejada, salvo en pacientes con desnutrición moderada-grave, siendo de elección la nutrición enteral. La inmunonutrición parece mejorar los resultados, y la infusión óptima podría ser la cíclica. De acuerdo con una encuesta enviada a Unidades de Cirugía Hepatopancreatobiliar de España, la pauta mayoritariamente utilizada de soporte en cirugía pancreato biliar mayor es en la actualidad la NPT, con inicio de dieta oral a los 4-6 días. El uso de nutrición enteral es minoritario, y la alimentación oral precoz es excepciona

A big proportion of patients with biliary and pancreatic surgery present preoperative malnourishment aggravated by perioperative fasting and additional therapies. Surgery of the pancreas and the biliary tract may cause digestive impairments, mainly absorptive, especially with fat malabsorption. Many studies have shown the usefulness of nutritional support in gastrointestinal surgery. In the last years, there has been a remarkable effort in order to determine which are the best perioperative nutrition regimens in biliary and pancreatic surgery, particularly in the setting of duodeno pancreatectomy. Generally, routinary parenteral nutrition (PNT) is not recommended, excepting in moderate-severe hyponutrition, the first choice therapy being enteral nutrition. Immunonutrition seems to improve the outcomes, and the best infusion might be cyclic. According to a survey carried out among the Hepatopancreato biliary Surgery units in Spain, nowadays the most frequently used support regimen in biliary and pancreatic surgery is PNT, switching to oral feeding within 4- 6 days. Enteral nutrition is seldom used

[Urachal sinus: an unusual cause of recurrent umbilical discharge in adults]. / Uracosinus: una causa poco frecuente de onfalitis recurrente en adultos.

Urachal sinus is a rare congenital anomaly due to incomplete closure the urachus in the umbilical region, it is very rare in adults. 47-year-old male who arrived at our Emergency Department with recurrent umbilical discharge. Not response medical treatment (oral antibiotic and drainage). Abdominal computerized tomography scan confirmed the urachal sinus with omphalitis. Surgical complete excision with omphalectomy was performed. Any complications in the postoperative was observed.

Uracosinus: una causa poco frecuente de onfalitis recurrente en adultos / Urachal sinus: an unusual cause of recurrent umbilical discharge in adults

El uracosinus es una anomalía congénita poco frecuente secundaria a la obliteración incompleta del uraco en su porción infraumbilical, que puede aparecer a cualquier edad. Presentamos un paciente de 47 años que acudió al servicio de urgencias por supuración umbilical persistente que no había respondido al tratamiento médico (antibioterapia y curas). El TAC confirmó la existencia de un sinus del uraco con cambios de onfalitis. La cirugía consistió en la resección en bloque del mismo con onfalectomía. El postoperatorio transcurrió sin incidencias

Urachal sinus is a rare congenital anomaly due to incomplete closure the urachus in the umbilical region, it is very rare in adults. 47-year-old male who arrived at our Emergency Department with recurrent umbilical discharge. Not response medical treatment (oral antibiotic and drainage). Abdominal computerized tomography scan confirmed the urachal sinus with omphalitis. Surgical complete excision with omphalectomy was performed. Any complications in the postoperative was observed

Coledocolitiasis primaria en paciente con situs inversus totalis / Primary cholelithiasis in a situs inversus totalis patient

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Barrett's esophagus control after antireflux surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To study the esophageal motor disorders in patients with Barrett's esophagus after surgical treatment. DESIGN: From January 1993 to September 1998 a prospective study with 25 patients referred to our service for surgical treatment of Barrett's esophagus was conducted. Barium transit, endoscopy, 24-hour monitoring of intraluminal pH and stationary esophageal manometry were carried out in all patients pre- and postoperatively. The results were compared before and after surgery. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. PATIENTS: 18 male (72%) and 7 women (28%). Mean age was 54.20 +/- 13.29 years (range: 25-71 years). The most frequent clinical manifestation was heartburn (92%). A laparotomy procedure was performed in 68% (n = 17) and laparoscopy in 32% (n = 8) of patients. A 360 degrees fundoplication was always performed. RESULTS: 96% of patients presented a defective lower esophageal sphincter. The statistical study demonstrated significant differences after surgery for all pH-metric parameters and lower esophageal sphincter (p < 0.01), except for relaxation (p = 0.465). In the esophageal body, the statistical study only demonstrated significant differences for mean pressure of the peristaltic waves in segment I (p = 0.038) and mean rate of non-transmitted waves in esophageal segment IV-V (p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS: Antireflux surgery in Barrett's esophagus contributes to the control of gastroesophageal reflux improving esophageal clearing and with significant differences for the mean rate of non-transmitted waves in the distal esophagus.

Control del esófago de Barret tras la cirugía antirreflujo / Barrett's esophagus control after antireflux surgery

Objetivo: estudiar el papel de la cirugía antirreflujo en el control de los trastornos motores esofágicos existentes en los pacientes con esófago de Barrett. Diseño del estudio: entre enero-1993 y septiembre-1998 realizamos un estudio prospectivo con 25 pacientes remitidos a nuestro servicio para tratamiento quirúrgico de su esófago de Barrett. En todos se realizó pre y postoperatoriamente un esófagogastro-duodenal baritado, una esófago-gastroscopia, una pHmetría ambulatoria 24 horas y una manometría esofágica estacionaria. Se compararon los resultados obtenidos antes y después de la intervención quirúrgica. Los valores de p<0,05 se consideraron estadísticamente significativos. Pacientes: 18 fueron hombres (72 por ciento) y 7 mujeres (28 por ciento). La edad media de los pacientes fue de 54,20 ñ 13,29 años (rango: 25-71 años). La manifestación clínica más frecuente fue la pirosis (92 por ciento). El abordaje quirúrgico fue laparotómico en el 68 por ciento (n = 17) y laparoscópico en el 32 por ciento (n = 8). En todos ellos, se hizo una fundusplicatura 360º. Resultados: el 96 por ciento de los pacientes presentaban un esfínter esofágico inferior patológico. El estudio estadístico demostró diferencias significativas tras la cirugía en todos los parámetros pHmétricos y manométricos del esfínter esofágico inferior (p<0,01), excepto en el porcentaje de relajación (p=0,465). Respecto al cuerpo esofágico, el estudio estadístico únicamente demostró diferencias significativas en la presión media de las ondas peristálticas en el esófago proximal (segmento I) (p=0,038) y en el porcentaje medio de ondas no trasmitidas en el esófago distal (segmento IV-V) ( p =0,031) . Conclusiones: la cirugía antirreflujo en pacientes con esófago de Barrett contribuye al control del reflujo gastro-esofágico al mejorar el aclaramiento esofágico y disminuir de forma significativa el porcentaje medio de ondas no transmitidas en el esófago distal. (AU)

Tratamiento del esófago de Barrett en el siglo XXI: controversias y perspectivas futuras / Treatment of Barrett´s esophagus in the century XXI: controversies and future perspectives

El esófago de Barrett continua siendo hoy en día, una de las patologías digestivas que más interés suscita en todas las reuniones y congresos de la especialidad, a pesar de haber sido descrito hace ya 50 años. Su definición ha cambiado; se ha reconocido su predisposición al desarrollo del adenocarcinoma esofágico; se ha desarrollado un tratamiento más efectivo en el control del reflujo gastroesofágico (inhibidores de la bomba de protones v/s fundusplicatura laparoscópica); se han protocolizado programas de vigilancia sobre todo en pacientes con displasia; se están investigando nuevas estrategias terapéuticas. A pesar de ello, todavía persisten numerosas controversias. El conocimiento exacto y preciso de la fisiopatología constituye la base del tratamiento y la prevención de la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico y sus complicaciones (AU)

[Treatment of Barrett esophagus in the XXI century: controversies and future perspectives]. / Tratamiento del esófago de Barrett en el siglo XXI: controversias y perspectivas futuras.

Barrett's esophagus is today, one of the digestive pathologies that raises more interest in all the meetings and congresses of the specialty, in spite of have been described 50 years ago. The definition has changed; the rising incidence of adenocarcinoma has been recognized; a most effective therapy to control gastroesophageal reflux has been developed (proton pump inhibitor v/s laparoscopic fundoplication); appropriate surveillance intervals of patients with dysplasia have been protocolized; new treatment strategies are being investigating. Although, numerous controversies still persist. The exact and accurate knowledge of physiopathology constitutes the base of treatment and prevention for gastroesophageal reflux disease and their complications.

Diagnostic and treatment of Zenker's diverticulum: review of our series pharyngo-esophageal diverticula.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Clinical aspects and preneoplastic potential of Zenker's diverticulum justify its surgery. The clinical signs of the patients and the size of the diverticulum determine the surgical technique. METHODOLOGY: Between January 1974 and December 1995, 32 patients underwent surgery in our department. In order to compare the surgical technique, we divided the patients into 3 groups: group A (cricopharyngeus myotomy: 15 patients (46.9%)), group B (myotomy with diverticulectomy: 15 patients (46.9%)) and group C (myotomy with diverticulopexy: 2 patients (6.7%)). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis, p < 0.05. RESULTS: Local or regional anaesthesia was used in 7 patients from group A (46.6%); 5 patients from group B (33.3%) and all the patients from group C (100%). General anaesthesia was used in 8 patients from group A (53.4%), 10 patients from group B (66.7%) and 0 patients from group C (0%). The overall mortality was 0%. The mean postoperative stay in group A was 6 +/- 2 days (3-10 days); in group B was 11.6 +/- 6.4 days (5-25 days) and in group C was 3.5 +/- 0.7 days (3-4 days). The mean postoperative stay in patients with local or regional anaesthesia was 5.3 +/- 1.6 days (3-9 days) and in patients with general anaesthesia, 10.9 +/- 6.1 days (4-25 days). No statistically significant difference was found between the anaesthetic technique and the surgical technique (p = 0.193), between the surgical technique and the mean postoperative stay (p = 0.596) and between the anaesthetic technique and the mean postoperative stay (p = 0.166). CONCLUSIONS: Cricopharyngeus myotomy is the main surgical technique, however, in diverticula longer than 3 cm of diameter it is mandatory to associate diverticulectomy. Diverticulopexy is indicated in patients of advanced age with a high surgical risk. Local or regional anaesthesia facilitates the identification of the diverticulum intraoperatively and reduce the mean postoperative stay, however, there is no statistical significant difference.